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In the wake of the global financial crisis, many countries experienced a surge in unemployment and sluggish demand, which negatively impacted their economies. To safeguard domestic industries and boost employment, governments have increasingly raised safety, health, and environmental standards, while also implementing anti-dumping and countervailing measures to create trade barriers. As a result, trade tensions surrounding China's exported goods have escalated significantly.
Chang Yizhi, a researcher at China Investment Consulting specializing in the chemical industry, noted that during economic downturns, many countries tend to adopt protectionist policies to shield their domestic producers and maintain stable employment. This trend became more pronounced after the 2008 financial crisis, as Chinese textile products faced numerous trade barriers when exported abroad. Countries imposed various anti-dumping and special safeguard measures on these products, leading to a more diverse range of trade protection tactics.
According to the "2010-2015 China Chemical Fiber Industry Investment Analysis and Prospect Forecast Report" published by China Investment Consulting, between 2001 and 2008, foreign nations initiated 55 special safeguard measures against China’s textile exports. In 2009, under the WTO trade remedy framework, over 30 cases were reported involving China's textile exports, including raw materials like chemical fiber filaments and staple fibers, as well as finished products such as curtains, ribbons, electric blankets, and bedding items. Specifically, in 2009, there were 12 anti-dumping investigations, one countervailing measure, four safeguard measures, and two special safeguard measures targeting China's textile and apparel sectors. The U.S., Brazil, and Argentina each launched two anti-dumping investigations, while South Africa, Peru, India, Indonesia, Turkey, and the European Union each initiated one.
Chang Yizhi emphasized that the data highlights a growing trend: the number of trade protection cases targeting China's textile and apparel industries has risen sharply since the financial crisis. Moreover, in early 2010, more than 10 anti-dumping and countervailing investigations were launched against Chinese textile products, covering items like polypropylene, nylon filament yarn, circular looms, polyester staple fiber, and electric heating pads. Additionally, 14 textile product recalls were reported in January alone, including 9 children’s clothing items and 5 children’s plush toys.
Chang Yizhi further pointed out that in recent years, several countries have adopted a variety of trade protection measures—such as quotas, anti-dumping duties, countervailing measures, technical barriers, corporate social responsibility requirements, and product recalls—to restrict China’s textile and garment exports. These actions are highly detrimental to the development of China’s textile industry.
Zhang Yulin, research director at China Investment Consulting, stated that trade protectionism is likely to become a common practice in the global economic recovery following the financial crisis. Given that China is the world's largest exporter, it will continue to be a primary target for such measures. Therefore, Chinese export enterprises and relevant authorities must confront this challenge head-on and implement effective countermeasures to minimize potential losses.
July 31, 2025