Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County is located in the eastern mountainous area of ​​Liaoning Province. It is the largest jade producing area in China and enjoys the name of “Chinese jade township†for a long time. Xiuyan Mountain has beautiful scenery, picturesque scenery, treasures and wilderness, and many specialties. In particular, Xiuyanyu is famous in the world for its long history and abundant reserves. China has a vast territory and has always been known for its rich production of jade. Chinese jade texture is divided into jadeite and nephrite; according to the color, there are white jade, jasper, sapphire, and jade; according to the place of origin, there are Xiuyan jade, Xinjiang jade, Henan jade and so on. Xiuyanyu is named after its production in Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County of Liaoning Province, and is also known as “Xinshan Jade†in the world. It is a beautiful and beautiful flower in Chinese jade, with its fine texture, crystal and transparent; its color is pure and gorgeous; its reserves are large and well-known at home and abroad. Because 80% of the national jade crafts raw materials are taken from Xiuyan, Xiuyan is known as “Yuxiangâ€. Xiuyan jade has a long history and has a long history. In the 1983 ruins of the Xiaogushan Ancient Human Cave in Haicheng, Liaoning Province, three pieces of choppers made of jade were unearthed. The longer one is 7 inches long, 3.5 inches thick, 2.5 inches wide, 1 inch small, and the color is dark green. Although it is flooded by soil erosion, its fine jade is clearly displayed. The jade material used in the device has the same color and hardness as the old jade of the fine jade trench in Xiuyan. The Jingyugou and Xiaogushan cave sites are separated by a ridge. From the perspective of a large number of archaeological conditions, the three stone choppers found in the Xiaogushan ancient human cave site were made of Xiuyan jade. The Xiaogushan cave site belongs to the late Paleolithic culture, dating back more than 12,000 years. Although humans in ancient times discovered Xiuyan jade, they did not recognize it as jade. At that time, people were not divided into jade and stone. In their thinking, the two concepts of jade and stone did not seem to have any strict boundaries. In order to make weapons and tools, we selected solid and beautiful stones on the spot and made some kind of processing. As a weapon or tool, it is also a work of art and decorations. Xiuyan jade has the characteristics of solid and delicate, beautiful color, and is distributed in the vicinity of the earth's surface, easy to excavate, so it was discovered and used by humans here. This is the earliest Xiuyan jade product discovered so far. . Xia and Shang to the Qin and Han Jinshi use, Yucai is truly known to people. Jade articles have gradually become artworks based on viewing. The two pieces of the Shang and Zhou period jade artifacts, "Jade Jade Pepe" and "Sapphire Bird Pattern Handle", which are owned by the Palace Museum in Beijing, are simple and elegant in style and vivid in appearance. They are very popular in the jade articles of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Representative. According to the relevant experts of the Beijing Palace Museum, the two jade articles are all taken from Xiuyan jade. It not only shows that the Chinese jade carving art has gradually become perfect and mature, but also shows that Xiuyan jade has been made in this period. Used for jade. Cheng Shu in the early Han Dynasty's "Erya" contains "the beauty of the East, there are doctors and sorrows of the inquiries of Qi Qi." Jin Guo Guo Note: "Doctor Witch, the name of the mountain Liaodong, enquiry Qi Qi, jade." Ancient jade, It is named after the mountain. For example, “Kunshan Jade†is the name of jade produced in the areas of Hetian and Shache in Xinjiang; “Chushan Jade†is the general name of jade produced in Liyang, Hubei. According to legend, "Chu people åž ç’ž ç’ž 楚 楚 楚 楚 , , , , , , , 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医 医"Medical witches ask for Qi Qi" when it refers to Xiuyan jade. These fully prove that Xiuyan jade was famous before the Han Dynasty. In the 1970s, the jade axe, which was more than 7,000 years old, was unearthed in the early Neolithic ruins of the Liaodong Peninsula. It is an axe made of blue jade and jade carvings. It is also the earliest discovered in China. Jade. The jade blocks and jade plaques unearthed in the Mengxing Longyan Cultural Relics in China and the Fuxin Chahai Cultural Relics in Liaoning Province are 7000-8000 years ago. It has been identified and is made of Xiuyan jade, which is the earliest jade ornament discovered in China. Among the Neolithic cultural sites in China, the jade artifacts are the most abundant, and the highest achievement in jade production is the Hongshan culture, which is 5000-6000 years ago. The distribution areas include Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, eastern Inner Mongolia and parts of Hebei. In the Hongshan cultural relics, various jade articles with special representative meanings such as Yulong, Yuzhulong, Yuxi, Hook Cloud, Horseshoe and so on are unearthed. These jade articles are made of Xiuyan jade. Among them, the large jade dragon unearthed from the village of Xingla, Inner Mongolia, has a strange shape and fine carving. It is known as “the first Chinese jade dragon.†The hook-shaped jade artifact unearthed in the Hongshan Cultural Tomb of Sanguandianzi, Lingyuan County, Liaoning Province. The use of hollowing, drilling, polishing and other techniques is the highest level of jade in the original culture. In addition, two pieces of jade unearthed from the site of Hongshan Culture Bahrain Right Banner are the earliest images of jade found in China. Hongshan culture is regarded as the dawn of China's five thousand years of civilization, and Xiuyan jade makes the dawn of civilization more dazzling. After China entered the slave society and the feudal society, jade was promoted to the highest quality. For more than 4,000 years, Xiuyanyu has always been the treasure of the palaces and the kings. As a representative of the Yinshang ancient jade, a large number of ancient jade articles were unearthed from the Yinxu Women's Tomb in Anyang, Henan Province. More than 40 pieces were identified by the experts in Xiuyan jade and used mainly as Peiyu. In 1986, two sets of Jinyu jade garments of the Western Han Dynasty Jing Wang Liu Sheng and the Queen Dou Yu were unearthed in the Han Dynasty Tomb of Mancheng in Hebei Province. It has been called "the treasure of ancient Chinese art" for more than 2,000 years. It has been identified that the jade pieces used in Jinyu Yuyi are mostly Xiuyan jade, which proves that the development of Xiuyan jade has been quite large in the Han Dynasty and has been used by the royal family. In the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chinese jade articles gradually developed into the Dingcheng period, and Xiuyan jade also entered a large-scale development period. Among the 161 pieces of ancient jade collected by Du Xin, a famous ancient jade collector and connoisseur in Shanghai, China, 47 are Xiuyan jade, and most of them are Tang, Song, Ming and Qing works. The history of Chinese jade is inseparable from the history of Xiuyan jade. The profound cultural connotation of Xiuyanyu continues to breed and spread in the long-standing traditional culture of the Chinese nation. . Xiuyan jade has been one of the special products of Xiuyan since ancient times. The total reserves of Xiuyan jade are more than 3 million tons. Among them, two places are most famous: one is the ditch and the other is the jade ditch. Wagou is located in the northwest of Xiuyan County, 40 kilometers away from the county seat, Haicheng in the north and Yingkou in the west. It belongs to Hadabei Town. There are 1.76 million tons of valleys and 76 jade ore bodies in the valley of more than ten miles. At present, the largest jade origin, Xiuyan jade structure is dense, fine texture, high transparency, is the ideal jade carving raw material, especially suitable for carving large and medium-sized jade pieces. In April 1957, the county jade mine was established in Wagou. At the beginning of the construction of the mine, the mining jade was hand-operated and open-pit mining, with an annual production capacity of about 400 tons. After more than 30 years of construction, Xiuyan jade mine has basically realized mechanization of mining and transportation, with an annual production capacity of 2,000 tons, which is the largest mine in the domestic jade mine. Xiuyugou is located in the village of Xiyugou Village, Biling Town, northwest of the county. It is 40 kilometers away from the county town and is separated from the valley by a ridge. The ditch is east-west, about four kilometers long and 0.5 kilometers wide. The rock in the ditch is composed of granitic gneiss and crystalline magnesite, and the jade deposit is stored in the veins of gneiss and magnesite. The main mineral component is amphibole, which is a hornblende soft jade. Its texture is exceptionally delicate, tough, hardness 6 to 6.5 (Mohs), slightly transparent, a small amount of pure white, mostly yellowish white, emerald green, more precious than the ridge ditch jade. Because of its earlier discovery, it was called "old jade" and the Japanese called "steel jade." The old jade has the river jade, the stone bag jade. River mill jade is produced in the gravel of the riverbed. Because of the long-term erosion of the river water and the rubbing of the gravel, the corners are formed and named. The crystal is round and the price is extremely high. Shibaoyu is named after the outer stone skin and the jade. The white color is like the sheep fat, which is called the “yellow white†by the locals. Its outer shape is no different from that of rock and stone. Its density is greater than that of ordinary rock. It can only be selected when it is selected. The smallest one is found to be the size of a fist, and the largest one is 8 tons. In fact, "He Mo" is not produced in the water, but is washed down by the mountain torrent from the mountain jade deposit. After many years of scouring, the stone has been stripped. Because of its preciousness, foreign merchants are competing to buy. As the saying goes, jade is not a weapon, and Yanyan people have fully utilized their intelligence and wisdom to create a world of jade carvings. Xiuyan jade carving can be divided into three series of traditional handicrafts, tourist crafts, and Xiuyan jade health products, among which the traditional crafts are most prominent. It mainly includes five major categories of vegetarians, figures, flowers, birds, animals and flowers. Su Hu: It is mainly an ancient artifact such as furnace, bottle, tripod, and scent before the Qin and Han dynasties. It pays attention to the shape and texture of the body. The characters are mainly based on ancient myths, fables, allusions, folklore, and opera novels. It is the strength of Xiuyan jade carving. It has been designated as the best product of the Ministry of the country and the provincial superior product. The flower and bird refers to the jade carving works with the theme of flowers, birds and fish. Among them, “Ben Ma†has the largest number of creations and the highest level; The focus is on the perfect combination of flowers and bottles, flower blue. Tourist crafts mainly include accessories, utensils, and wenwan. Among them, necklaces, bracelets, chests, and genus are the main ones. The development of jewelry is early, and sales at home and abroad are also relatively strong. Xiuyan jade health care products are new jade carving products developed in recent years. There are more than ten varieties of jade pillows, jade pads, jade shoes and beauty devices. Xiuyan jade health care products are deeply loved by people and have become ordinary people. A must-have for the family. Xiuyan jade carvings are not only complete in variety, but also exquisitely crafted. The main crafts are embossed, openwork, round carving, hollow carving, and crepe combination. Among them, the inner carving is the most difficult and the artistic accomplishment is the highest. There are very few people who can master and use this technology. Therefore, the hollow carving is called the unique skill of the jade carving industry. Li Hongcai, the master of Xiuyan jade carving, is the leader of the inner carving. His two treasures, “Birding Pot†and “Jiulong Zhenbaotingâ€, have been awarded as winners and bought by foreign businessmen. In the materials used, you can do the art of the Yanyan Jade Carvings, smashing the dirt, making the waste work, and using it pretty. Make a piece of jade jade full of artistic charm, and let out the charming art style. Xiuyan jade is warm and transparent, with a multi-colored stone, soft and hard moderate, and strong plasticity. It provides a broad space and room for the jade carving masters to fully display their artistic genius, making the jade carvings of Xiuyan endless and famous. In July 1960, the miners of the Yushi mine in Xiuyan County discovered a jade king weighing 260.76 tons at the Wagou East Field Mining Site. Jade body, crystal, and colorful are rare treasures. After Premier Zhou Enlai learned the good news, he immediately instructed: The Jade King is a national treasure, and it is rare to be protected. In 1992, the People’s Government of Anshan City funded the transportation of the Jade King to Anshan City. Experts from famous Chinese jade carving masters Li Bosheng and Jiang Wenbin were invited to design by Li Hongcai, a senior craftsman of Xiuyan Jade Factory, and Sun Sen, a master of advanced arts and crafts at Beijing Jadeware Factory, to make the jade king carving the largest jade Buddha in the world. The main jade Buddha built an imposing jade Buddha garden. The front of the jade king is a Buddha statue of Sakyamuni who sits on the top of the lotus. On the back is the great compassionate ferry of the sea, which attracts many Chinese and foreign tourists every day. Party and state leaders Li Peng, Zhu Rongji, Jiang Chunyun and so on came to the Jade Buddha Court to visit the Jade Buddha. Fei Xiaotong, vice chairman of the National People's Congress, visited the Jade Buddha and was pleased to write the title "China National Treasure". In November 1997, the Jade Buddha was named the world's most Guinness, sensationalized the world. In 1999, the People's Government of Liaoning Province, in order to celebrate the return of Macao, decided to use Jiuyan Jade to create a "Year of September", as a gift to the Macao SAR. After accepting this special task, the Xiuyan County Party Committee and the county government carefully selected the top grade old jade in Xiuyan Yuzhong as the raw material, and carried out the creative carving by the jade carving masters Li Hongcai and Lin Yushen, which lasted for half a year. Show the world the charm of Xiuyan old jade. The “Liaohe Zhiguang†large-scale Xiuyan old jade relief, which is set on the wall of the “99 China Kunming World Horticultural Exposition†Liaoning Cultural Corridor, has become a peculiar landscape in the park and is highly appreciated by tourists from all over the world. This old jade embossed is 14.26 meters long and 1.7 meters high. It was completed in 10 years by the skilled craftsmen of Xiuyan. The giant jade carving "Confucius Temple - Confucius Life" is "Chinese folk arts and crafts master" Mr. Wu Shide used 10 tons of Xiuyan jade fine material, carved more than 300 years of pictures, more than 2,000 characters, worth 128.5 million yuan, is the world's largest jade carving works . It was rated as the best of the world's Guinness by the Shanghai Guinness Organization. Experts believe that the Jade Confucius Temple is a handed down jade of "no one before, no one after." In the 50 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the jade carving masters have created many jade carvings with superb artistic level. For example, "Huaxia Lingguang Tower Kaoru" won the National Arts and Crafts Hundred Flowers Prize Cup in 85 years. There are also "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea", "Eight Horses Pentium", "Luhe Yingchun", "Two Dragons Play Pearl", "Guanyin Xiansheng", "Hundred Birds and Phoenix", "èˆèˆç¯“" and so on are rare boutiques. As a valuable asset of culture and art, Xiuyan jade boutique shines in the land of China. After the liberation, under the leadership of the party and the government, more than 10 jade mining enterprises such as Yuyan County jade mine, Hadabei town jade mine, Biling town jade mine, Dafang body jade mine, and Sanjiazi jade mine were established. The annual output reaches thousands of tons, accounting for more than 70% of the national jade materials, and is the largest jade raw material base in the country. Jade is sold to 32 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China, supplying more than 1,000 jade factories in Beijing, Tianjin, Henan, Hebei, Suzhou, Yangzhou and Shanghai. In order to protect the resources of Xiuyan jade, Xiuyan introduced the Regulations on the Protection of Jade Resources in Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County in 1999, and implemented limited mining on Xiuyanyu. The annual mining volume is below 1,000 tons. It is worthy of pride that after the Jade King, in 1997, the Xiuyan jade mine discovered a "major jade body". So far, the ground has not been completely excavated. The preliminary judgment will be 200 times heavier than the first discovered jade king. 60,000 tons. In the same year, the miners of the jade mine also produced a piece of jade body weighing about 12.6 tons on the original 300-meter underground mine. It was called “Jingkouwangâ€. This is the world's largest jade body from the underground primary deposit. In the spring of 1998, when the villagers of Jingyugou, the town of Xiuyan, led a well in their own well, they discovered a huge river jade, weighing about 8 tons. Its jade is delicate, warm and tough. If it is oily, it is the largest tremolite in the world. It is called “He Mo Yu Wangâ€. Xiuyan Yu successively called the king, vying for the country. The rich Xiuyan jade resources provide superior conditions for the jade processing industry in Xiuyan. Since the 1980s, collective, joint venture, and individual jade carving factories have blossomed everywhere. There are more than 3,000 enterprises engaged in processing in the county. The jade processing industry in some rural towns and villages has gradually moved towards grouping and specialization. In Xinglong Town, there were the village Yuma Professional Village and the Wudaohe Yuhu and Wangying professional villages; the Hada Monument Town appeared the Wagou Jaguar Professional Village. Nearly 70,000 of the county's 500,000 people are engaged in jade processing and sales, which are related industries. The annual output value is 400 million yuan, and profits and taxes are more than 20 million yuan. As the pillar industry of Xiuyan, Xiuyan jade has an increasing influence and a broader market. Since 1992, Xiuyan has successively established professional wholesale markets for large-scale jade carving products such as “Lotus Jade Trading Marketâ€, “Yuduâ€, “Northeast Jade Trading Center†and “Chinese Jade Carving Craft Gardenâ€. In particular, the imitation of the European-style "Chinese jade carving boutique craft garden" regardless of the size of the building, the number of collections, grades, is the most in China and the world. Xiuyan jade crafts not only spread in major cities in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong, but also exported to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. It is also exported to more than 100 countries and regions such as Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, Europe and America. A favorite art treasure. With her profound historical foundation, Xiuyan Yu has formed a deep love relationship with the Chinese nation. Xiyan jade is deeply loved by the Chinese people for its excellent characteristics and important economic value. Xiuyan Yuding is a national stone and is the common aspiration of the people of Liaoning and even the whole country.
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February 02, 2021