和田玉

Russian Hetian jade is also called Baikal jade. Its main output forms are mainly the mountain materials of the primary ore and the mountain water of the secondary mine. At the same time, in the rivers in the virgin forest near the mining area, a small amount of seed material is also produced. Gobi Beach jade is also produced on the sandstone beach.

First, the Russian Yushan material. Mostly blocky, angular and common, common stone skin and sugar husk. Among them, the stone skin shell is mostly called white leather material, gray leather material and black leather material; while the sugar skin shell is often affected by the late extrusion structure movement, the internal joints are relatively developed, and the jade body is often divided into blocks of different sizes. Body, joint spacing varies in size, easy to be leached along the joints or cracks containing ferric iron solution, forming a distinctive reddish brown, brown, brown skin, known as the typical "string sugar" phenomenon, forming a sugar color.

Second, the Russian Yushan flow water material. Commonly known as red leather. This is because the original ore body has been affected by rain, air, snow, and sunlight for a long time. The ore body of jade produces different degrees of oxidation along the joint surface or crack. The iron element will form different degrees of light yellow after oxidation. , brown red, red, brown and other colors. Although the oxidation surface is large, even to the entire appearance, the red skin is generally thin, and there is often an exposed surface on one side, which can be used to judge the quality of the internal jade. The mountain stream water often develops a large crack, extends to the inside, and goes irregularly. The development will produce black and brown impurities, which reduces the overall quality. Red leather can also be subdivided into two categories: old pit red leather and new pit red leather.

Third, the seed material. Due to the short distance from the original mine to the river, the Russian jade seed material has little difference in altitude, lacks the collision and erosion of the rushing water flow, and the metal elements in the mines and rivers are abundant, and the organic matter in the virgin forest is sufficient. It is reddish-brown and maroon-colored with large or small spots of brown or black. The streamline type is not enough, the skin is thicker and looks like a bark, so it is called "bark seed" in the line. From the outer skin to the jade inside, there are often one to two transition colors. This feature is a disadvantage compared to Hetian seed, but it provides special performance conditions for the sculpt.

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